http://glottopedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=By-phrase 2026-11-04T09:27:06Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.45.6 http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=By-phrase&diff=5822&oldid=prev 2008-03-31T13:33:45Z

<p>from Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>In syntax, &#039;&#039;&#039;by-phrase&#039;&#039;&#039; is an optional [[adjunct]] in a [[passive]] construction headed by by and containing the logical subject. <br /> <br /> ===Examples===<br /> In (i) the &#039;&#039;by&#039;&#039;-phrase contains &#039;&#039;Vitesse&#039;&#039;, the logical subject of &#039;&#039;won&#039;&#039; (cf. &#039;&#039;Vitesse won the match&#039;&#039;). As shown by (ii), &#039;&#039;by&#039;&#039;-phrases are also possible in nominal passives.<br /> <br /> <br /> (i) The match was won by Vitesse.<br /> <br /> (ii) Carthago&#039;s destruction by the Romans.<br /> <br /> (iii) They kissed by the light of the moon.<br /> <br /> Not all languages allow passive &#039;&#039;by&#039;&#039;-phrases, and not all [[phrase]]s headed by &#039;&#039;by&#039;&#039; are passive &#039;&#039;by&#039;&#039;-phrases: in (iii) the &#039;&#039;light of the moon&#039;&#039; is not interpreted as an [[argument]] of the verb &#039;&#039;kiss&#039;&#039;.<br /> <br /> ===Link===<br /> [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=By-phrase&amp;lemmacode=851 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] <br /> <br /> ===References===<br /> *Baker, M., Johnson, K. &amp; Roberts, I. 1989. Passive Arguments Raised. &#039;&#039;Linguistic Inquiry 20&#039;&#039;, 219-252.<br /> *Grimshaw, J. 1990. &#039;&#039;Argument Structure.&#039;&#039; Cambridge, Mass: MIT-press.<br /> *Jaeggli, O. 1986. Passive. &#039;&#039;Linguistic Inquiry 17&#039;&#039;, 587-622.<br /> <br /> {{dc}}<br /> [[Category:Syntax]]</div>

Luo