Formative - Revision history

Haspelmath at 12:21, 11 January 2008

2008-01-11T12:21:22Z

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	The term ''formative'' was introduced by Karl Brugmann (see Brugmann 1908), as a replacement for ''suffix'', which he thought had unwanted diachronic connotations (Latin ''suffixum'' originally means 'attached element' and might suggest that such an element arose from a previously free word by diachronic aglutination).		The term ''formative'' was introduced by Karl Brugmann (see Brugmann 1908), as a replacement for ''suffix'', which he thought had unwanted diachronic connotations (Latin ''suffixum'' originally means 'attached element' and might suggest that such an element arose from a previously free word by diachronic aglutination).

	===~~Reference~~===		===References===
	*Brugmann, Karl. 1908. Formans oder Formativum? ''Indogermanische Forschungen'' 22:69-72.		*Brugmann, Karl. 1908. Formans oder Formativum? ''Indogermanische Forschungen'' 22:69-72.
	*{{:Chomsky & Halle 1968}}		*{{:Chomsky & Halle 1968}}

Haspelmath at 12:20, 11 January 2008

2008-01-11T12:20:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:20, 11 January 2008
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	A '''formative''' is a exponent of a [[morpheme]]. Formatives comprise not anly [[affixes]], [[phrasal affixes]] and [[particles]] but also non-concatenative changes like [[umlaut]], [[tone]] or [[stress]] change, deletion of one or more segments, [[consonant mutation]] and the like.		A '''formative''' is a [[exponent]] of a [[morpheme]]. Formatives comprise not anly [[affixes]], [[phrasal affixes]] and [[particles]] but also non-concatenative changes like [[umlaut]], [[tone]] or [[stress]] change, deletion of one or more segments, [[consonant mutation]] and the like.

			The term became well-known in the 1960s through its use in Chomsky & Halle (1968).

	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===
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	===Reference===		===Reference===
	*Brugmann, Karl. 1908. Formans oder Formativum? ''Indogermanische Forschungen'' 22:69-72.		*Brugmann, Karl. 1908. Formans oder Formativum? ''Indogermanische Forschungen'' 22:69-72.
			*{{:Chomsky & Halle 1968}}

	===other languages===		===other languages===

Linguipedia: New page: A '''formative''' is a exponent of a morpheme. Formatives comprise not anly affixes, phrasal affixes and particles but also non-concatenative changes like umlaut, [[ton...

2007-07-11T18:06:14Z

New page: A '''formative''' is a exponent of a morpheme. Formatives comprise not anly affixes, phrasal affixes and particles but also non-concatenative changes like umlaut, [[ton...

New page

A '''formative''' is a exponent of a [[morpheme]]. Formatives comprise not anly [[affixes]], [[phrasal affixes]] and [[particles]] but also non-concatenative changes like [[umlaut]], [[tone]] or [[stress]] change, deletion of one or more segments, [[consonant mutation]] and the like.

=== Examples ===

English plural morpheme is the formative ''-s'' like in ''cat-s'' (cat+PL).

One of the German plural morphemes consist of the formative ''-e'' plus the [[umlaut]] of the stem vowel like in ''Stühl-e'' (Stuhl+PL) ‘chairs’. (Such morphemes are called [[simulfix]]es.)

A [[circumfix]] can be seen as consisting of two formatives: a [[prefix]] and a [[suffix]].

The German clause negation particle ''nicht'' is a formative. Despite its syntactical separation from V<sup>0</sup> grammatically (morphologically) it is a part of the verb inflection.

=== Subtypes ===

* [[Affix]]
* [[Particle]]

===Origin===

The term ''formative'' was introduced by Karl Brugmann (see Brugmann 1908), as a replacement for ''suffix'', which he thought had unwanted diachronic connotations (Latin ''suffixum'' originally means 'attached element' and might suggest that such an element arose from a previously free word by diachronic aglutination).

===Reference===
*Brugmann, Karl. 1908. Formans oder Formativum? ''Indogermanische Forschungen'' 22:69-72.

===other languages===
German [[Formativ]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Morphology]]