Difference between revisions of "Scrambling"
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− | + | '''Scrambling''' is a cover term for specific kind of [[word order]] variation. | |
+ | |||
+ | In the study of [[Germanic]] [[SOV]]-languages the term is used to refer to word order variation of argument [[NP]]s with respect to each other and/or with respect to [[adverbial phrase]]s. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Example === | ||
+ | |||
+ | in [[German]] an object may follow or precede an adverb (object and adverb may be scrambled): | ||
+ | |||
+ | (i) a Er hat ihr vielleicht dieses Buch gegeben | ||
+ | he has her maybe this book given | ||
+ | b Er hat ihr dieses Buch vielleicht gegeben | ||
+ | |||
+ | Two objects may be scrambled as well: | ||
+ | |||
+ | (ii) Er hat dieses Buch vielleicht ihr gegeben | ||
+ | |||
+ | And sometimes an object - ''den Max'' in (iii) - may even scramble over the subject, as in (iii)b: | ||
+ | |||
+ | (iii) a ... dass jeder den Max kennt | ||
+ | that everyone (the) Max knows | ||
+ | b ... dass den Max jeder kennt | ||
+ | |||
+ | It seems that [[definiteness]] is a factor interfering with scrambling. Nonspecific indefinite NPs cannot be scrambled and neither can particles or small clause predicates. One point of controversy is whether scrambling is a case of movement (of NP) and if so whether it is [[A-bar movement]] or not. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Links === | ||
+ | |||
+ | [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Scrambling&lemmacode=206 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] | ||
+ | |||
+ | === References === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Grewendorf , G & W. Sternefeld (eds.) 1990. ''Scrambling and Barriers,'' John Benjamins,Amsterdam/Philadelphia. | ||
+ | * Neeleman, A. 1994. ''Complex Predicates,'' diss., Utrecht University | ||
+ | * Ross, J.R. 1967. ''Constraints on variables in syntax,'' doctoral dissertation, MIT (published as 'Infinite syntax!' Ablex, Norwood (1986)). | ||
+ | * Webelhuth, G. 1989. ''Syntactic Saturation Phenomena and the Modern Germanic Languages,'' Diss, UMass. | ||
+ | * Webelhuth, G. & H. Den Besten 1987. ''Adjunction and Remnant Topicalization in the Germanic SOV-languages,'' GLOW conference Venice, . | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Other languages=== | ||
+ | German [[Scrambling (de)]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{dc}} | ||
+ | [[Category:Syntax]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{cats}} |
Revision as of 17:58, 21 February 2009
Scrambling is a cover term for specific kind of word order variation.
In the study of Germanic SOV-languages the term is used to refer to word order variation of argument NPs with respect to each other and/or with respect to adverbial phrases.
Example
in German an object may follow or precede an adverb (object and adverb may be scrambled):
(i) a Er hat ihr vielleicht dieses Buch gegeben he has her maybe this book given b Er hat ihr dieses Buch vielleicht gegeben
Two objects may be scrambled as well:
(ii) Er hat dieses Buch vielleicht ihr gegeben
And sometimes an object - den Max in (iii) - may even scramble over the subject, as in (iii)b:
(iii) a ... dass jeder den Max kennt that everyone (the) Max knows b ... dass den Max jeder kennt
It seems that definiteness is a factor interfering with scrambling. Nonspecific indefinite NPs cannot be scrambled and neither can particles or small clause predicates. One point of controversy is whether scrambling is a case of movement (of NP) and if so whether it is A-bar movement or not.
Links
Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics
References
- Grewendorf , G & W. Sternefeld (eds.) 1990. Scrambling and Barriers, John Benjamins,Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
- Neeleman, A. 1994. Complex Predicates, diss., Utrecht University
- Ross, J.R. 1967. Constraints on variables in syntax, doctoral dissertation, MIT (published as 'Infinite syntax!' Ablex, Norwood (1986)).
- Webelhuth, G. 1989. Syntactic Saturation Phenomena and the Modern Germanic Languages, Diss, UMass.
- Webelhuth, G. & H. Den Besten 1987. Adjunction and Remnant Topicalization in the Germanic SOV-languages, GLOW conference Venice, .
Other languages
German Scrambling (de)
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