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Perfective - Revision history
2024-03-29T08:35:55Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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Volker gast at 14:34, 10 February 2010
2010-02-10T14:34:29Z
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Volker gast
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Volker gast at 14:34, 10 February 2010
2010-02-10T14:34:05Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:34, 10 February 2010</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Klein, Wolfgang. ''Time in Language.'' London: Routledge, 1994.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Klein, Wolfgang. ''Time in Language.'' London: Routledge, 1994.</div></td></tr>
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Volker gast
http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Perfective&diff=10622&oldid=prev
Volker gast at 14:29, 10 February 2010
2010-02-10T14:29:47Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{stub}}{{cats}}{{format}}</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Definition==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The '''perfective aspect''' is a category of [[aspect]] that contrasts with the [[imperfective aspect]].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">If </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">language has </del>a perfective aspect in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its verbs system</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">then </del>the verb form <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">describes </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">whole action</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">beginning</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">middle </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">end </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one go</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This means that </del>the perfective describes <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </del>complete <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">situation</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but it is </del>not 'completed'<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, according to Comrie, </del>'The use of "completed"... puts too much emphasis on the termination of the situation, whereas the use of the perfective puts no more emphasis, necessarily, on the end of the situation than on any other part of the situation.' (Comrie, ''Aspect'', <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18)</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The '''perfective aspect''' “[views] the situation from outside, without necessarily distinguishing any of the internal structure of the situation” (Bache 1995: 269). 'Viewing </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">situation from outside' means focusing on the situation as </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">whole, i.e. in its entirety and as complete, regardless of its internal structure. Huddleston and Pullum (2002), basically adopting the model of Klein (1994), define '''</ins>perfective aspect<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' by relating T<sub>R</sub> ('time referred to') to T<sub>SIT</sub> ('situational time'). Perfective aspect is accordingly defined as a property of situations </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which T<sub>R</sub> entirely includes T<sub>SIT</sub> (Huddleston und Pullum 2002: 124f.).</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bache (1995: 277) provides the following formula for the perfective aspect: </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:SF [T<sub>i</sub> ... T<sub>t</sub>] on Sx.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He determines SF as ‘situational focus’, T<sub>i</sub> and T<sub>t</sub> as ‘any given situation’ which must take place at a particular place and time. Applied to the example given below</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T<sub>i</sub> is the beginning of TR, i.e. 4 p.m. and T<sub>t</sub> is the terminal point of T<sub>R</sub>, i.e. 5 p.m. S<sub>x</sub> is the situation described by </ins>the verb form <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">declarative sentence</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">i.e. 'take a nap'. The situational focus (SF) is on a situation between 4 p.m. and 5 p.m.</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the past tense indicates that within that period of time (TR) the situation is completed </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its entirety</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Even though </ins>the perfective <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">aspect </ins>describes <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'</ins>complete<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">' situations</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the situations are </ins>not 'completed'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">: </ins>'The use of "completed"... puts too much emphasis on the termination of the situation, whereas the use of the perfective puts no more emphasis, necessarily, on the end of the situation than on any other part of the situation.' (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Comrie 1976: 18)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Examples==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Image:Perf1.JPG]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Image:Perf2.JPG]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Literature==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Bache, Carl. ''The Study of Aspect, Tense and Action.'' Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1995.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* </ins>Comrie, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bernard. </ins>''Aspect''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1976.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Downing, Angela and Philip Locke. ''English Grammar: A University Course.'' 2nd edition. London: Routledge</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2006.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Huddleston, Rodney D. and Geoffrey K. Pullum. ''The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Klein, Wolfgang. ''Time in Language.'' London: Routledge, 1994.</ins></div></td></tr>
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Volker gast
http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Perfective&diff=8209&oldid=prev
Wohlgemuth: weia
2009-02-18T12:05:29Z
<p>weia</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If a language has a perfective aspect in its verbs system, then the verb form describes the whole action, beginning, middle and end in one go. This means that the perfective describes a complete situation, but it is not 'completed', according to Comrie, 'The use of "completed"... puts too much emphasis on the termination of the situation, whereas the use of the perfective puts no more emphasis, necessarily, on the end of the situation than on any other part of the situation.' (Comrie, ''Aspect'', 18)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If a language has a perfective aspect in its verbs system, then the verb form describes the whole action, beginning, middle and end in one go. This means that the perfective describes a complete situation, but it is not 'completed', according to Comrie, 'The use of "completed"... puts too much emphasis on the termination of the situation, whereas the use of the perfective puts no more emphasis, necessarily, on the end of the situation than on any other part of the situation.' (Comrie, ''Aspect'', 18)</div></td></tr>
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Wohlgemuth
http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Perfective&diff=5362&oldid=prev
DavidKGray at 11:57, 1 February 2008
2008-02-01T11:57:59Z
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If a language has a perfective aspect in its verbs system, then the verb form describes the whole action, beginning, middle and end in one go. This means that the perfective describes a complete situation, but it is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">no </del>'completed', according to Comrie, 'The use of "completed"... puts too much emphasis on the termination of the situation, whereas the use of the perfective puts no more emphasis, necessarily, on the end of the situation than on any other part of the situation.' (Comrie, ''Aspect'', 18)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If a language has a perfective aspect in its verbs system, then the verb form describes the whole action, beginning, middle and end in one go. This means that the perfective describes a complete situation, but it is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">not </ins>'completed', according to Comrie, 'The use of "completed"... puts too much emphasis on the termination of the situation, whereas the use of the perfective puts no more emphasis, necessarily, on the end of the situation than on any other part of the situation.' (Comrie, ''Aspect'', 18)</div></td></tr>
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DavidKGray
http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Perfective&diff=5361&oldid=prev
DavidKGray: Perfective denotes a complete action
2008-02-01T11:57:40Z
<p>Perfective denotes a complete action</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>If a language has a perfective aspect in its verbs system, then the verb form describes the whole action, beginning, middle and end in one go. This means that the perfective describes a complete situation, but it is no 'completed', according to Comrie, 'The use of "completed"... puts too much emphasis on the termination of the situation, whereas the use of the perfective puts no more emphasis, necessarily, on the end of the situation than on any other part of the situation.' (Comrie, ''Aspect'', 18)</div>
DavidKGray