http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Verner%27s_law&feed=atom&action=historyVerner's law - Revision history2024-03-29T01:00:57ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.34.2http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Verner%27s_law&diff=16725&oldid=prevNBlöcher: Removed the block {{format}}2014-09-14T10:06:08Z<p>Removed the block {{format}}</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definition==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Definition==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''ð'', ''ɣ'', ''ɣʷ'', ''z'' respectively unless there was a stress in Proto-Indo-European on the immediately preceding syllable (in the majority of sources notated as ''f'', ''þ'', ''χ'', ''χʷ'', ''s'' becoming ''ƀ'', ''đ'', ''ǥ'', ''ǥʷ'', ''z'').<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''ð'', ''ɣ'', ''ɣʷ'', ''z'' respectively unless there was a stress in Proto-Indo-European on the immediately preceding syllable (in the majority of sources notated as ''f'', ''þ'', ''χ'', ''χʷ'', ''s'' becoming ''ƀ'', ''đ'', ''ǥ'', ''ǥʷ'', ''z'').<br></div></td></tr>
</table>NBlöcherhttp://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Verner%27s_law&diff=16613&oldid=prevNBlöcher: Edited the format2014-08-31T08:39:32Z<p>Edited the format</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Definition==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''ð'', ''ɣ'', ''ɣʷ'', ''z'' respectively unless there was a stress in Proto-Indo-European on the immediately preceding syllable (in the majority of sources notated as ''f'', ''þ'', ''χ'', ''χʷ'', ''s'' becoming ''ƀ'', ''đ'', ''ǥ'', ''ǥʷ'', ''z'').<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''ð'', ''ɣ'', ''ɣʷ'', ''z'' respectively unless there was a stress in Proto-Indo-European on the immediately preceding syllable (in the majority of sources notated as ''f'', ''þ'', ''χ'', ''χʷ'', ''s'' becoming ''ƀ'', ''đ'', ''ǥ'', ''ǥʷ'', ''z'').<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the application of [[Grimm's law]], Proto-Indo-European voiceless stops should have become voiceless fricatives in Proto-Germanic. However, often they were also voiced. These irregularities to Grimm's law were noticed before Verner: the voicing alternation in certain verb paradigms had been already described by Braune (1874) and was referred to as ''grammatischer Wechsel'' after Holtzmann (1870), however, Karl Adolf Verner (1846-1896) was the first to find an explanation for these irregularities. According to his biographical notes (Verner 1903), he formulated the rule already in 1875 and published it in 1876 under a misleading title ''Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung''.<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the application of [[Grimm's law]], Proto-Indo-European voiceless stops should have become voiceless fricatives in Proto-Germanic. However, often they were also voiced. These irregularities to Grimm's law were noticed before Verner: the voicing alternation in certain verb paradigms had been already described by Braune (1874) and was referred to as ''grammatischer Wechsel'' after Holtzmann (1870), however, Karl Adolf Verner (1846-1896) was the first to find an explanation for these irregularities. According to his biographical notes (Verner 1903), he formulated the rule already in 1875 and published it in 1876 under a misleading title ''Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung''.<br></div></td></tr>
</table>NBlöcherhttp://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Verner%27s_law&diff=16208&oldid=prevNBlöcher: categorised as en2014-08-02T19:25:55Z<p>categorised as en</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Verner, Karl Adolf. 1903. ''Afhandlinger og breve udgivne af Selskab for germansk filologi.'' Copenhagen: Selskab for germansk filologi.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Verner, Karl Adolf. 1903. ''Afhandlinger og breve udgivne af Selskab for germansk filologi.'' Copenhagen: Selskab for germansk filologi.</div></td></tr>
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</table>NBlöcherhttp://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Verner%27s_law&diff=8237&oldid=prevWohlgemuth: scf2009-02-18T12:15:05Z<p>scf</p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''ð'', ''ɣ'', ''ɣʷ'', ''z'' respectively unless there was a stress in Proto-Indo-European on the immediately preceding syllable (in the majority of sources notated as ''f'', ''þ'', ''χ'', ''χʷ'', ''s'' becoming ''ƀ'', ''đ'', ''ǥ'', ''ǥʷ'', ''z'').<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''ð'', ''ɣ'', ''ɣʷ'', ''z'' respectively unless there was a stress in Proto-Indo-European on the immediately preceding syllable (in the majority of sources notated as ''f'', ''þ'', ''χ'', ''χʷ'', ''s'' becoming ''ƀ'', ''đ'', ''ǥ'', ''ǥʷ'', ''z'').<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the application of [[Grimm's law]], Proto-Indo-European voiceless stops should have become voiceless fricatives in Proto-Germanic. However, often they were also voiced. These irregularities to Grimm's law were noticed before Verner: the voicing alternation in certain verb paradigms had been already described by Braune (1874) and was referred to as ''grammatischer Wechsel'' after Holtzmann (1870), however, Karl Adolf Verner (1846-1896) was the first to find an explanation for these irregularities. According to his biographical notes (Verner 1903), he formulated the rule already in 1875 and published it in 1876 under a misleading title ''Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung''.<br></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>After the application of [[Grimm's law]], Proto-Indo-European voiceless stops should have become voiceless fricatives in Proto-Germanic. However, often they were also voiced. These irregularities to Grimm's law were noticed before Verner: the voicing alternation in certain verb paradigms had been already described by Braune (1874) and was referred to as ''grammatischer Wechsel'' after Holtzmann (1870), however, Karl Adolf Verner (1846-1896) was the first to find an explanation for these irregularities. According to his biographical notes (Verner 1903), he formulated the rule already in 1875 and published it in 1876 under a misleading title ''Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung''.<br></div></td></tr>
</table>Wohlgemuthhttp://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Verner%27s_law&diff=5425&oldid=prevWitzlack: New page: '''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''...2008-02-10T21:22:50Z<p>New page: '''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Verner’s Law''' is a voicing process which affected the Proto-Germanic voiceless fricatives in the intervocal position, so that ''ɸ'', ''θ'', ''x'', ''xʷ'', ''s'' became ''β'', ''ð'', ''ɣ'', ''ɣʷ'', ''z'' respectively unless there was a stress in Proto-Indo-European on the immediately preceding syllable (in the majority of sources notated as ''f'', ''þ'', ''χ'', ''χʷ'', ''s'' becoming ''ƀ'', ''đ'', ''ǥ'', ''ǥʷ'', ''z'').<br><br />
After the application of [[Grimm's law]], Proto-Indo-European voiceless stops should have become voiceless fricatives in Proto-Germanic. However, often they were also voiced. These irregularities to Grimm's law were noticed before Verner: the voicing alternation in certain verb paradigms had been already described by Braune (1874) and was referred to as ''grammatischer Wechsel'' after Holtzmann (1870), however, Karl Adolf Verner (1846-1896) was the first to find an explanation for these irregularities. According to his biographical notes (Verner 1903), he formulated the rule already in 1875 and published it in 1876 under a misleading title ''Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung''.<br><br />
Verner's rule can be exemplified with the development of the word ''*ph<sub>2</sub>tḗr'' 'father'. Proto-Indo-European *''t'' developed into ''ð'' instead of the expected *''θ'': Proto-Germanic *''faðēr'' instead of expected *''faθēr''.<br><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* Beekes, Robert S. P. 1995. ''Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction.'' Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<br />
* Braune, Wilhelm. 1874. Über den grammatischen Wechsel in der deutschen Verbalflexion. ''Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur'' 1.513-27. <br />
* Collinge, Neville Edgar. 1985. ''The laws of Indo-European''. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<br />
* Holtzmann, Adolf. 1870. ''Altdeutsche Grammatik I''. Leipzig: Brockhaus.<br />
* Lehmann, Winfred P. 1967. ''A reader in nineteenth century historical Indo-European linguistics''. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press.<br />
* Ringe, Donald A. 2006. ''A History of English: Volume I: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press.<br />
* Rooth, Erik 1974. ''Das Vernersche Gesetz in Forschung und Lehre.'' Lund: Gleerup. <br />
* Verner, Karl Adolf. 1876a. Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung. ''Kuhns Zeitschrift'' (Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung) 23.97-130.<br />
* Verner, Karl Adolf. 1876b. Zur Ablautsfrage. ''Kuhns Zeitschrift'' (Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung) 21.131-38.<br />
* Verner, Karl Adolf. 1903. ''Afhandlinger og breve udgivne af Selskab for germansk filologi.'' Copenhagen: Selskab for germansk filologi.</div>Witzlack