Search results

Create the page "And then" on this wiki! See also the search results found.

Page title matches

• AND node
  ...in neurocognitive linguistics)|node]] in relational network notation. The AND node takes two forms, both of which are defined in this article: * The ''AND node'' of [[compact relational network notation]].
  2 KB (359 words) - 02:05, 15 October 2017
• Theme and rheme
  ...re terms used widely by 20th century European structuralists for [[topic]] and [[focus]]. The term pair was made widely known by the work of [[Vilém Mathesius]] and others in the [[Prague School]], in the first systematic attempt of studyin
  1 KB (165 words) - 12:35, 4 May 2019
• Role and Reference Grammar
  ...in (1984), Van Valin (ed.) 1993, Van Valin & LaPolla 1997, Van Valin 2005, and Pavey 2010. ...p://linguistics.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/vanvalin/rrg.html Official Role and Reference Grammar website]
  1 KB (170 words) - 20:52, 25 July 2014
• Principles and Parameters framework
  ...f subsystems of principles, each with one or more parameters of variation, and grammars of particular languages to be determined by fixing parameters in t [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Principles+and+Parameters+framework&lemmacode=434 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]
  1,017 bytes (144 words) - 19:07, 27 September 2014
• Portal:Tense and aspect
  ...ite">This portal presents the most central topics in the study of<br>tense and aspect.</font> ...(1947)]] -- [[Huddleston and Pullum's (2002) analysis of tense|Huddleston and Pullum (2002)]]
  3 KB (318 words) - 18:17, 21 October 2009
• Ambiguity, Polysemy and Vagueness
  ...se two extremes. The borders between the categories of ambiguity, polysemy and vagueness are fuzzy. Thus, there are lexical examples that can be assigned ...multiple interpretations. In natural language many words, strings of words and sentences are ambiguous, simply because of the fact that numerous words cov
  12 KB (1,883 words) - 16:39, 15 June 2014
• Positive and negative face
  ...n individual's public self-image ([[face (concept)]]). Both '''positive''' and '''negative face''' describe the different levels of face needs. ...al's personal desires ('''positive face'''). In order to protect one's own and the adressee's face, one has to take care of both levels.
  2 KB (327 words) - 18:59, 27 September 2014
• Aims and methods of quantitative linguistics
  ...ubject to evolutionary processes in analogy to biological organisms, etc.) and, consequently, in the concepts which form the basis of the disciplines. ...with quantitative methods on the basis of quantitative concepts: features and interrelations which can be expressed only by numbers or rankings.
  9 KB (1,442 words) - 10:11, 14 June 2014
• Huddleston and Pullum's (2002) analysis of tense
  .... In "She goes to school" the tense of the verb is present (cf. Huddleston and Pullum 20022: 116). ...her" is a perfect form, whereas "He may know her" is unmarked (Huddleston and Pullum 20022: 116).
  4 KB (599 words) - 18:20, 27 March 2011
• Role-dominated and reference-dominated languages
  *Foley, William A. & Van Valin, Robert D. Jr. 1980. Role and reference grammar. In: Moravcsik, Edith (ed.) ''Current appproaches to synt
  742 bytes (96 words) - 20:51, 25 July 2014
• De dicto and de re
  The terms ''de re'' (Latin: "about the thing") and ''de dicto'' (Latin: "about what is said") refer to two distinct interpreta ...nce agency is consistently receiving top-secret intelligence information), then (i) would describe Ralph's beliefs ''de dicto'' that somebody is a spy.
  2 KB (357 words) - 01:40, 8 February 2021

Page text matches

• Portal:Philosophy of language
  == Concepts and Terms == == Models and Methods ==
  322 bytes (38 words) - 13:35, 23 May 2013
• Uralic
  ...rn Asia, neighbouring [[Indo-European]] in the West and South and Tungusic and Turkic in the East. Samoyedic (in the Northeast) and Finnic-Ugric.
  477 bytes (69 words) - 17:33, 2 March 2018
• Portal:Philosophy of linguistics
  '''History and Philosophy of Linguistics''' ...oretical topics in theory construction and theory changing (its historical and epistemological evolution) in linguistics. ==
  472 bytes (52 words) - 13:35, 23 May 2013
• Alexander Melville Bell
  ...logical [[phonetics]] and was the author of numerous works on [[orthoepy]] and [[elocution]]. He developed the notational system of [[Visible Speech]].
  281 bytes (36 words) - 12:02, 20 May 2013
• Semivowel
  ...ch like vowels. When /w/ or /j/ are produced slowly enough, the vowels /u/ and /i/ can be heard. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  546 bytes (87 words) - 18:50, 28 October 2014
• Deep dyslexia
  ...rds. Deep dyslexics often use strategies such as [[semantic substitution]] and also substitution of functional words.
  476 bytes (65 words) - 17:27, 27 June 2014
• Accessibility
  ...' if and only if ''i'' is [[c-commanded]] by ''a'' and coindexing of ''a'' and ''i'' would not violate the [[i-within-i condition]]. ...ouns proposed in Higginbotham (1980) which accounts for [[weak crossover]] and [[strong crossover]].
  646 bytes (82 words) - 17:53, 12 June 2014
• Incompatibility
  ...nnot have both properties at the same time (e.g. 'long' and 'short', 'cat' and 'dog'): The term 'imcompatible' is used as both an adjective and a noun, i.e. predicates that are incompatible are also called '[[incompatib
  460 bytes (80 words) - 19:56, 4 July 2014
• Topic-comment-distinction
  ...distinction with the distinction between focus and presupposition or theme and rheme.
  870 bytes (109 words) - 19:12, 29 August 2014
• INFL
  ...en reinterpreted as a conflation of two separate heads [[AGR]] (agreement) and T ([[tense]]). ...on Economy of Derivations and Derivations,'' in:R. Freidin (ed) Principles and Parameters in Comparative Grammar, 417-454, The MITT Press: Cambridge, Mass
  907 bytes (127 words) - 20:48, 3 July 2014
• Reciprocal
  '''Reciprocal'''s behave as [[anaphor]]s with respect to [[binding theory]], and require a plural antecedent (*''that gang hates each other''). (i) [John and Mary]_ican't stand ''each other''_i
  657 bytes (94 words) - 08:28, 28 September 2014
• Articulators
  ...[[larynx]], the [[vocal folds]], trachea, diaphragma, the lungs, the uvula and the jaw bone. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  638 bytes (86 words) - 15:53, 14 September 2014
• Svarabakthi
  An example is the pronunciation of /fil@m/ for 'film' (English and Dutch) and /mel@k/ for 'melk' (Dutch). [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  457 bytes (64 words) - 08:22, 16 August 2014
• ABX discrimination
  ...two stimuli (A and B) are standard, S1 and S2 in a randomly chosen order, and the subjects’ task is to choose which of the two is matched by the final [[Category: Phonetics and phonology]]
  614 bytes (99 words) - 08:56, 14 June 2014
• Referential index
  ...</sub> '' and ''Mary_i saw John_j '' the subscripts i and j are the referential indices (or indexes). * Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht.
  775 bytes (112 words) - 09:14, 28 September 2014
• Eastern Saamic
  ...d the [[Peninsula_Eastern_Saamic|peninsular group]] (with [[Kildin Saami]] and [[Ter Saami]]). *Loss of final vowels in third syllables and (except in Inari) in second syllables.
  660 bytes (87 words) - 18:48, 28 June 2014
• Multicultural London English
  ...tion of British English, it incorporates features of Patois, West African and Indian. ...Kerswill, Sue Fox & Eivind Torgersen. 2008. Ethnicity, Friendship Network and Social Practices as the Motor of Dialect Change: Linguistic Innovation in L
  1 KB (140 words) - 09:09, 13 November 2012
• Phi-features
  Grammatical features such as [[person]], [[number]], [[gender]] and [[case]]. * Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht.
  488 bytes (64 words) - 18:46, 27 September 2014
• Foreignism
  ...eignism can be said to be intermediate between an established loanword and and a [[singly occurring codeswitch]], although the term ''foreignism'' tends t
  606 bytes (84 words) - 16:34, 29 June 2014
• Szasa/Draft
  ...nglish: Exploring the impact of Denglisch and Anglicisms in German culture and identity.<br> Safina, Farida. (2024). "Denglish" The Fusion of German and English. Vol. 2. 286-292.<br>
  690 bytes (96 words) - 07:31, 6 May 2024
• ToBI
  ...are distinctively marked by other phonological means). Because intonation and prosodic organisation differ from language to language, or even from [[dial * Silverman, Beckman, Pitrelli, Ostendorf, Wightman, Price, Pierrehumbert, and Hirschberg 1992. ''ToBI: a standard for labelling English prosody,'' In Pro
  1 KB (193 words) - 09:46, 17 August 2014
• Superlative
  ...is characteristic of [[adjective]]s, and which opposes to the [[positive]] and [[comparative]]. ...-longest'', the first one is the positive form, the second the comparative and the third the superlative.
  513 bytes (68 words) - 08:17, 16 August 2014
• Phoneme
  In [[phonology]] and [[phonetics]], a '''phoneme''' is a phonological [[segment]] that can disti ...r'') are not two phonemes since they cannot distinguish two words: *[be:t] and *[be.r].
  1 KB (168 words) - 19:57, 24 July 2010
• Transcription
  ...is added by way of [[diacritic]]s, e.g. aspiration on syllable-initial /p/ and nasalisation on the vowel in the English word 'pin'. * [http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ipachart.html IPA symbols for broad and narrow transcription]
  872 bytes (123 words) - 19:47, 29 August 2014
• Principles and Parameters framework
  ...f subsystems of principles, each with one or more parameters of variation, and grammars of particular languages to be determined by fixing parameters in t [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Principles+and+Parameters+framework&lemmacode=434 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]
  1,017 bytes (144 words) - 19:07, 27 September 2014
• Rule feature
  ...th:teeth'' can be accounted for by assuming that the words ''foot, goose'' and ''tooth'', have a rule feature [+U] which triggers the phonological umlaut * Chomsky, N. and M. Halle 1968. ''The Sound Pattern of English,'' Harper and Row, New York.
  934 bytes (134 words) - 14:52, 5 October 2014
• Voiced
  In English [b] and [d] are [+voiced] as opposed to [p] and [t] which are [-voiced], i.e. voiceless. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  571 bytes (79 words) - 15:16, 10 June 2009
• Boolesche Anfrage
  ...aussehen: ''Computerlinguistik AND Informatik AND Universität AND Schweiz AND NOT (Genf OR Lausanne)''
  587 bytes (78 words) - 17:13, 21 June 2014
• Text-to-Speech
  ...intonation contour), the [[grapheme-phoneme conversion]], and assimilation and coarticulation rules.
  1,013 bytes (133 words) - 08:04, 17 August 2014
• Syntactic relation
  A '''syntactic relation''' is a relation holding between a [[constituent]] and the clause that it forms part of. * [[object]] (direct and indirect)
  267 bytes (35 words) - 16:17, 27 July 2014
• Voice disorders
  ...an inability to hit high notes, constant breathiness, pain in the throat, and tremor (a shaky voice). ...in the mouth, throat, or nose, infections, asthma are examples of disease and trauma which may affect the vocal structures.
  1 KB (188 words) - 18:20, 4 September 2014
• AGR
  '''AGR''' is the person and number feature complex in finite [[INFL]]. Since Pollock (1989): a functional head containing [[agreement]] features and/or an [[agreement]] [[suffix]] which projects its own syntactic [[X-bar sch
  733 bytes (91 words) - 17:24, 12 June 2014
• Structural ambiguity
  ...tructures can be assigned to one string of words. The expression ''old men and women'' is structurally ambiguous because it has the following two structur (i) old [men and women]
  585 bytes (82 words) - 09:04, 10 August 2014
• Sibilant
  ...nt''' is a [[fricative]] speech [[sound]] with high [[frequency]] (/s, sh/ and their [[voiced]] cognates). [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  355 bytes (45 words) - 19:16, 28 October 2014
• Reciprocal situation
  ...ic relation between A and B is the same as the semantic relation between B and A.
  393 bytes (54 words) - 08:33, 28 September 2014
• Fixed-context assumption
  ...Cooper 1981. ''Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language,'' Linguistics and Philosophy 4, pp. 159-219 * Chierchia and McConnell-Ginet 1990. ''Meaning and grammar,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  830 bytes (106 words) - 03:37, 18 May 2009
• Journal of Quantitative Linguistics
  ...and discussion of research on the quantitative characteristics of language and text in an exact mathematical form. Specifically, JQL publishes on: ...stochastic processes, differential and difference equations, fuzzy logics and set theory, function theory etc.), on all levels of linguistic analysis.</l
  2 KB (224 words) - 07:02, 12 July 2014
• Filter (syntax)
  (i) for all X,Y subset E: (X in Q and Y in Q) &lt;=&gt; intersection(X,Y) in Q ...me'' N and ''most'' N are not. This accounts for the contrast between (ii) and (iii):
  1 KB (188 words) - 16:20, 29 June 2014
• Sonorant
  ...al cords]] vibrate spontaneously (i.e. [[vowel]]s, [[glide]]s, [[liquid]]s and [[nasal]]s). [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  404 bytes (57 words) - 07:48, 3 November 2014
• Occurrence
  ...subsumes [[activity|activities]], [[accomplishment]]s and [[achievement]]s and contrasts with [[state]]s. ...h activities, the progressive aspect denotes the continuation of an action and with accomplishments it refers to the “preparatory process leading toward
  1 KB (158 words) - 16:59, 18 July 2014
• Generative linguistics
  ...[[Minimalist Program]], [[Government and Binding]] theory and [[Principles and Parameters]] are among its best-known representatives. Generative linguisti ...lso be considered generative, in particular [[Role and Reference Grammar]] and [[Functional Grammar]].
  908 bytes (122 words) - 17:22, 29 June 2014
• AND node
  ...in neurocognitive linguistics)|node]] in relational network notation. The AND node takes two forms, both of which are defined in this article: * The ''AND node'' of [[compact relational network notation]].
  2 KB (359 words) - 02:05, 15 October 2017
• Homorganic
  ...iculation]]. The term is typically used for sequences of a [[nasal]] stop and another consonant, such as [nd] or [mp].
  289 bytes (42 words) - 20:25, 3 July 2014
• Taxonomy
  ...elationship between the [[hyperonym]] 'woman' and the [[hyponym]]s 'queen' and 'mother' does not instatiate a taxonymy, as neither a queen nor a mother is * Cruse, A. 2004. ''Meaning in Language. An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  716 bytes (115 words) - 16:33, 27 July 2014
• Propositional letters
  ...opositional letters should be distinguished from metavariables such as phi and psi which are used in the definitions of the logic. See also </nowiki>[[pro * Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. ''Logic, language, and meaning,'' Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  875 bytes (122 words) - 19:14, 27 September 2014
• Phonetics
  ...which looks at pathological instances of speech production and perception and studies how to correct deficiencies. [[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]
  1 KB (155 words) - 18:47, 2 June 2015
• Split antecedent
  ...fers to both Peter and Mary. It is said that PRO has the two NPs ''Peter'' and ''Mary'' as a split antecedent. * Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht.
  623 bytes (87 words) - 13:26, 9 June 2009
• Alveolar ridge
  .... It can be felt as a region of small ridges between the back of the teeth and the roof of the mouth. [[Consonant]]s that are produced with constrictions *Roach, Peter. 2004. ''English Phonetics and Phonology''. Cambridge University Press.
  509 bytes (74 words) - 19:57, 24 July 2010
• Transformational rule
  ...ructure]] is derived from [[d-structure]] by means of [[transformation]]s, and [[Logical Form]] is derived from S-structure in a similar way. See [[affect * Riemsdijk, H. van and E. Williams 1986. ''Introduction to the theory of grammar,'' MIT Press, Cam
  662 bytes (84 words) - 19:48, 29 August 2014
• Ngram frequency
  ...Bigram frequency is considered to be a measure of orthographic regularity and normally has a negative correlation with response times in psycho-linguisti ...dog' will then become '_dog_' and now contains 4 bigrams: '_d', 'do', 'og' and 'g_'.
  1,021 bytes (165 words) - 16:38, 18 July 2014
• Information packaging
  ...ontrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics and. Point of View. Subject and Topic, ed. Charles Li. New York: Academic Press. ...formation packaging in the clause. In T. Shopen, eds., ''Language Typology and Syntactic Description'', 282-364. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  531 bytes (63 words) - 14:53, 5 July 2009
• Velum
  ...uth]], behind the [[palate]], that acts as a valve between the [[pharynx]] and the [[nasal cavity]]. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  380 bytes (54 words) - 09:03, 30 August 2014
• History of writing
  ...Development and place of origin are discussed controversally in literature and still not clear yet. ...mesopotamia 3000 B.C. 1500 B.C. writing was developed anew by the Chinese and the latest independent form of wiriting was to come from Mesoamerica - the
  1 KB (178 words) - 12:54, 10 May 2016
• Felicity condition
  (i) I hereby declare you husband and wife * Chierchia and McConnell-Ginet 1990. ''Meaning and grammar,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  672 bytes (94 words) - 03:37, 18 May 2009
• S-structure
  ...re]] by [[transformational rule]]s, and input to the rules deriving [[PF]] and [[LF]]. S-structure is the [[T-model]] equivalent of [[surface structure]] * Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht.
  610 bytes (78 words) - 15:56, 5 October 2014
• Process
  ...rovided by Vendler (1957), '''processes''' subsume [[activity|activities]] and [[accomplishment]]s, but not [[achievement]]s (which are [[punctual]]).
  343 bytes (43 words) - 19:53, 20 July 2014
• Structural case
  ...s assigned in a certain structural configuration, depending on government (and adjacency) only (as opposed to [[inherent case]]). ...posed that a verb assigns structural Accusative case to its NP complement, and that Nominative case is assigned by the finite inflection [[INFL]] to the c
  1 KB (146 words) - 09:05, 10 August 2014
• Disjunctive ordering
  ...[rule interaction]], introduced by Chomsky &amp; Halle (1968). Two rules A and B are ordered disjunctively if rule B may not be applied to the output of r rule (a) and (b) are two rules among the stress rules of English:
  1 KB (193 words) - 16:17, 3 August 2014
• Leftness condition
  ...iche 1982. ''Variables and the Bijection Principle,'' Kaye, J., H. Koopman and D. Sportiche (eds.), Projet sur les langues kru: Premier rapport, pp.176-20
  658 bytes (91 words) - 02:59, 6 August 2021
• International Phonetic Alphabet
  ...t of symbols associated with speech sounds, designed for use in describing and comparing the pronunciations of all of the spoken languages of the world. I * [[Pulmonic consonants]] (organized by [[Place of articulation|place]] and [[Manner of articulation|manner]] of articulation)
  1 KB (205 words) - 20:13, 2 June 2015
• Relational
  ...e interpreted, e.g. ''president'' (of a given institution or organization) and ''similar'' (to something).
  461 bytes (71 words) - 20:09, 25 July 2014
• Variable (Semantics)
  ...r order logic and type logic variables can also range over sets, relations and functions of diverse complexity. * Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht.
  691 bytes (99 words) - 08:58, 30 August 2014
• Sound change typology
  ...ied and grouped together according to the type of change, its conditioning and other factors. ...in which languages it occurred, and collections of attested sound changes then may show how frequent this type of change is. Some changes are very common,
  836 bytes (127 words) - 08:44, 10 August 2014
• Timbre
  ...can judge that two sounds similarly presented and having the same loudness and pitch are dissimilar. Put more simply, it relates to the '''sound quality''
  438 bytes (64 words) - 09:45, 17 August 2014
• Neurological plausibility
  ...ic structure needs to be consistent with what is known about the structure and operation of the brain. This is the requirement of '''neurological plausibi
  863 bytes (120 words) - 19:04, 28 January 2018
• Sister
  ...]] there is a node C (their [[mother]]) which immediately dominates both A and B.
  349 bytes (50 words) - 07:28, 3 November 2014
• Arbitrariness of the sign
  ...poetic]] words) and [[icon]]s. Signs with an arbitrary association of form and meanings are called [[symbol]]s.
  613 bytes (94 words) - 17:34, 18 June 2014
• Referential opacity
  ...rty of [[word]]s which entails that it is impossible to 'see inside' them, and refer to their parts by using an [[anaphor]]ic device such as a [[pronoun]] ...arise through the anaphoric relation that is possible in ''he took the tea and poured it into the cup''. Referential opacity is closely related to the pro
  842 bytes (134 words) - 09:14, 28 September 2014
• Predicate logic
  ...idual terms. The basic expressions are predicates and individual constants and variables instead of propositions. ...ormulas to be quantified (into) by means of the [[existential quantifier]] and the [[universal quantifier]].
  1 KB (179 words) - 19:02, 27 September 2014
• Upward monotonicity
  '''Upward monotonicity''' is a property of [[determiner]]s and [[quantifier]]s in [[Generalized Quantifier]] Theory. A determiner D is lef ...one and right upward monotone; see the validity of the implications in (i) and (ii) respectively:
  1 KB (181 words) - 16:55, 24 August 2014
• Windowing
  ...t are at full amplitude. Two types of windows are the '''Hamming window''' and the '''rectangular window'''. The Hamming window reduces the amplitudes of
  928 bytes (144 words) - 15:50, 7 September 2014
• Formal universal
  ...''formal universal''' has been used for a restriction on the abstract form and general organization of grammatical rules. ''Formal universal'' is often co ...nsformational rules, or the division of the grammar into surface structure and deep structure, or restrictions of transformations to [[move alpha]] or to
  596 bytes (79 words) - 16:35, 29 June 2014
• Oral cavity
  ...uially as the ''mouth'', is the resonating chamber between the [[pharynx]] and the lips. It is the final resonating chamber of the [[vocal tract]]. [[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]
  338 bytes (44 words) - 18:55, 21 September 2014
• S-selection
  ...-selection (e.g. by rules of canonical structural realization). Next to s- and c-selection, some assume m(orphological)-selection, which applies word-inte * Chomsky, N. 1986a. ''Knowledge of language: its nature, origin and use,'' Praeger, New York.
  2 KB (234 words) - 15:15, 5 October 2014
• Syntactic complexity
  ...cs]], it is also connected with [[position]] (within a mother constituent) and [[length]] (measured in terms of the number of terminal nodes. <br> *Hawkins, John (1994): ''A performance theory of order and constituency''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  1 KB (144 words) - 09:55, 14 September 2014
• Montague Grammar
  ...a that the meaning theories for natural languages and formal languages can and should be based on the same principles, according to a Universal Grammar, o ...es quantifier scope, opaque contexts, conjunction, infinitival complements and relative clauses.
  2 KB (304 words) - 18:24, 21 September 2014
• AX discrimination
  ...iminated, there are four possible sequences: (S1, S1), (S2, S2), (S1, S2), and (S2, S1). The subject has to respond "same" or "different".
  432 bytes (66 words) - 17:28, 12 June 2014
• Syntagmatic relationship of sense
  ''blond'' and ''hair'', ''kick'' and ''foot''
  386 bytes (41 words) - 16:12, 27 July 2014
• Syntagmatic relation
  ''blond'' and ''hair'', ''kick'' and ''foot''
  382 bytes (41 words) - 16:19, 27 July 2014
• Parameter
  ...ters specify certain options: the [[core-grammar]] of a specific language, then, is the result of the specific setting of these parameters. ...vides an explanation for systematic syntactic variation between languages, and puts restrictions on the number of choices which the language learner has t
  1 KB (158 words) - 18:59, 21 September 2014
• Reciprocal construction
  ...tion between A and B is the same as the semantic relation between B and A, and if a special construction is used to denote such a situation. A reciprocal ...constructions that one of the arguments denotes a set A as specified above and that the basic argument structure of the relevant predicate is reduced or c
  1 KB (215 words) - 17:35, 24 July 2014
• Formula
  ...every expression defined by the syntactic rules of [[propositional logic]] and [[predicate logic]] in a finite number of steps. * Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. ''Logic, language, and meaning,'' Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  417 bytes (58 words) - 16:36, 29 June 2014
• Role and Reference Grammar
  ...in (1984), Van Valin (ed.) 1993, Van Valin & LaPolla 1997, Van Valin 2005, and Pavey 2010. ...p://linguistics.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/vanvalin/rrg.html Official Role and Reference Grammar website]
  1 KB (170 words) - 20:52, 25 July 2014
• Aspiration
  In some languages (cf. English) aspiration is predictable and position-bound. *Kenstowicz, M. and C. Kisseberth. 1979. ''Generative Phonology: Description and Theory.'' New York: Academic Press.
  707 bytes (98 words) - 19:13, 13 May 2010
• Acceptable
  ...the syntactic rules of its language. It only refers to its intelligibility and likelihood of production according to judgments made by native speakers of An acceptable (and grammatical) sentence of English:
  1 KB (163 words) - 09:09, 14 June 2014
• Theta criterion
  ...ssociated with a theta-assigner (typically a verb) must be assigned to one and only one argument.
  358 bytes (53 words) - 08:56, 26 May 2013
• Partial assimilation vs. total assimilation
  ...e assimilated sound retains at least one of its original phonetic features and adopts only some of the phonetic features of another sound. (Thus, Old Engl [[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]
  604 bytes (79 words) - 08:21, 20 July 2014
• Right node raising
  ...of the identical constituents (''the book'') to the right of the sentence, and deleting the identical originals (indicated by e). (i) a [[John saw the book] and [Bill bought the book]]
  893 bytes (135 words) - 18:19, 28 September 2014
• Meronymy
  ...olds between an entity and its parts. The whole is also called [[holonym]] and each part of it a [[meronym]].
  271 bytes (42 words) - 14:09, 14 June 2009
• Adpositional phrase
  ...adpositional phrase''' is a phrase consisting of a [[head]] [[adposition]] and its complement (generally a [[noun phrase]]). ...of these, it is also used as an abbreviation for ''adpositional phrase'' (and of course [[AP]] is already taken, as an abbreviation of [[adjective phrase
  734 bytes (89 words) - 17:07, 18 June 2014
• Layering
  ...ions are continually emerging, and older layers may remain to coexist with and interact with the newer layers. Thus, at any synchronic moment, more than o
  472 bytes (63 words) - 15:50, 5 June 2009
• Absolute
  * Nouns: ''man'', ''table'' and ''war'' * Adjectives ''blue'', ''old'' and ''long''
  353 bytes (48 words) - 17:01, 18 June 2014
• Synthesis-by-rules
  ...human speaker are imitated. Explicit knowledge about the sound components and accomodation rules is used to define the characteristics of the speech.
  478 bytes (63 words) - 16:15, 8 July 2009
• Theme (vs. rheme)
  ...rm for [[topic]]. It is often used in contrast with [[rheme]] (see [[theme and rheme]]). See [[theme and rheme]].
  302 bytes (45 words) - 16:56, 27 July 2014
• Epistemic modality
  ...ty, along with [[agent-oriented modality]], [[speaker-oriented modality]], and [[subordinate modality]].
  922 bytes (113 words) - 15:47, 5 June 2009
• Back
  The vowel [u] differs from [i] in that [u] is characterized by [+back] and [i] by [-back]. ..., Naom A. & Halle, M. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row.
  624 bytes (92 words) - 15:55, 3 August 2014
• Agent-oriented modality
  ...ate modality]]. Agent-oriented modality “reports the existence of internal and external conditions on an agent with respect to the completion of the actio
  655 bytes (77 words) - 15:38, 5 June 2009
• Logic
  ...xclusively true or false) three-valued logics (true, false and indefinite) and other many-valued logics have been defined. The characteristic of these lan * Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. ''Logic, language, and meaning,'' Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  2 KB (301 words) - 17:50, 21 September 2014
• Complementizer (in X-bar theory)
  ...lexically instantiated by [[complementizer]]s and other [[subordinator]]s, and that can serves as a [[landing site]] for all sorts of [[movement]] operati
  389 bytes (55 words) - 18:58, 22 June 2014
• Agglutinating language
  ...hich has a morphological system in which words as a rule are polymorphemic and where each [[morpheme]] corresponds to a single lexical meaning. Classical examples of agglutinating languages are Turkish and Quechua.
  1 KB (191 words) - 15:28, 18 May 2014
• Absolute threshold
  ...he absence of any external sounds. The manner of presentation of the sound and the method of determining detectability must be specified. [[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]
  424 bytes (61 words) - 17:31, 12 June 2014
• Wanna-contraction
  ...enomenon is used in an argument to make a distinction between ''wh''-trace and other empty elements, such as NP-trace or PRO. * Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1984. ''On the nature of proper government,'' Linguistic Inquiry 1
  898 bytes (140 words) - 17:56, 4 September 2014
• Relational network theory
  ...conceptual and phonemic nodes. Information is accessed in a bi-directional and stratum-independent manner.
  1 KB (172 words) - 06:04, 8 October 2017
• Theme and rheme
  ...re terms used widely by 20th century European structuralists for [[topic]] and [[focus]]. The term pair was made widely known by the work of [[Vilém Mathesius]] and others in the [[Prague School]], in the first systematic attempt of studyin
  1 KB (165 words) - 12:35, 4 May 2019
• Properness
  ...no dogs in E, then ''all dogs'', for instance denotes the power set of E, and hence is an improper NP. A proper quantifier denotation Q is also called a ...Cooper 1981. ''Generalized Quantifiers and Natural Language,'' Linguistics and Philosophy 4, pp. 159-219
  1 KB (170 words) - 19:13, 27 September 2014
• That-trace effect
  ...e extracted when it follows ''that''. This is shown by the contrast in (i) and (ii). * Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht.
  2 KB (245 words) - 08:54, 17 August 2014
• Mixed category
  ...tax, a '''mixed category''' is a construction which combines the syntactic and morphological properties of two distinct categories, such as noun and verb, while being headed by a single word.
  408 bytes (52 words) - 16:18, 13 July 2014
• Tarski's truth definition
  ...on''' is a definition which formalizes the relation between a [[sentence]] and its [[truth value]]. The definition formalizes what Wittgenstein (1922) des (i) For any S in L and any v, S is true in v if and only if p.
  1 KB (186 words) - 07:11, 17 August 2014
• Sense relation
  * Sense relations of inclusion, esp. [[hyponymy]] and [[synonymy]] * Sense relations of exclusion, esp. [[complementarity]] and [[antonymy]] (both of which are instances of the relationship of [[incompat
  430 bytes (54 words) - 12:46, 26 July 2014
• T-model
  The '''T-Model''' is a model of grammar prevalent in the [[Principles and Parameters framework]], which has the general structure in (i): ...hree syntactic levels of representation (DS, SS, LF) is subject to debate, and may vary across languages.
  2 KB (303 words) - 07:06, 17 August 2014
• Stage
  ...otemporal slice'). The subjects in (i)a refer to stages of the object John and the kind dog, respectively, to which a transient, temporary predicate appli ...ual level interpretation: in (ii) ''John'' and ''dogs'' refer to an object and a kind rather than a spatiotemporal instance.
  878 bytes (131 words) - 13:31, 9 June 2009
• Stratum (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...a general theme of three major systems, phonological, lexico-grammatical, and semantic-conceptual. Relations between strata are called [[realization|re ...ammatical phrases), lexotactics (the structures of clauses and sentences), and semotactics (the structure of thoughts, ideas, procedures, rituals, etc.)
  2 KB (237 words) - 06:10, 8 October 2017
• Tone
  ...ns occur in languages. A high tone is usually indicated with an acute (tá) and a low tone with a grave (tà). ...tone realized on the same vowel. We distinguish between a rising tone (te) and a falling tone (tà). Contour tones are often analysed as complex tones. Se
  944 bytes (152 words) - 18:57, 29 August 2014
• Segment (in syntax)
  ...] structure like (i), the category A consists of two segments, the upper A and the lower A. * Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1992. ''Move alpha: conditions on its application and output,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  730 bytes (96 words) - 16:30, 5 October 2014
• Coordination
  ...[[semantic role]]. The two syntactic elements are called [[coordinand]]s, and the linking element is called [[coordinator]]. ...n which two or more units of the same type are combined into a larger unit and still have the same semantic relations with other surrounding elements."''
  1 KB (193 words) - 16:45, 27 June 2014
• Theme (semantic role)
  ''the glass'' is a theme both in (i)a (location) and (i)b (relocation). ...change of state, and the notion applies to ''the glass'' in (ii)a (state) and (ii)b (change of state) as well.
  1 KB (178 words) - 18:42, 29 August 2014
• Valency
  ...argument-taking potential of [[verb]]s, and sometimes also [[adjective]]s and [[noun]]s. ...the door'' [THEME] ''with his key'' [INSTRUMENT]), while the verbs ''ran'' and ''arrive'' are only associated with the Agent role (''Bill ran'') or Theme
  1 KB (146 words) - 14:44, 10 June 2009
• Compensatory lengthening
  ...ss of the ''s'' is made up for by lengthening the preceding vowel in Attic and the following consonant in Lesbian. ...ng across languages is a strong argument for the separation of the melodic and the temporal aspects of speech, that is, for the [[autosegmental]] model of
  1 KB (155 words) - 18:53, 22 June 2014
• Variety (Semantics)
  ...r never yield a true sentence. A determiner has the property of variety if and only if in a domain of entities E condition (i) holds. ...nations of certain determiners, such as ''one or no'' and ''at least three and at most two'', do not.
  867 bytes (145 words) - 09:00, 30 August 2014
• Thetic vs. categorical
  ...used in [[information structure]] studies for topicless, all-new sentences and sentences with a topic. The term pair was made popular in linguistics by Kuroda 1972 and Sasse 1987. Kuroda adopted it from the philosopher Brentano.
  2 KB (299 words) - 17:57, 12 June 2017
• Semantic representation
  ...omous level of representation related to deep structure, surface structure and/or LF. See [[meaning theories]]. * Chierchia and McConnell-Ginet 1990. ''Meaning and grammar,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  1 KB (192 words) - 18:28, 28 October 2014
• Verb movement
  ...guages the verb moves to I to pick up morphological inflection ( [[tense]] and/or [[agreement]]). ...'kus'' is moved to I, and [[adjoin]]ed to it, to pick up the affix -''t'', and the resulting complex subsequently moves to COMP.
  2 KB (257 words) - 08:37, 31 August 2014
• Active articulator
  ...'active articulator''' is the part of the mouth that carries out movements and whose position with respect to the [[passive articulator]] defines the [[pl [[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]
  629 bytes (73 words) - 21:17, 17 October 2016
• Dual mechanism theory
  The Dual Mechanism theory also known as the "words and rules" theory was summarised in [[Steven Pinker]]'s book of the same name. It is the theory that regular past tense verbs are generated by rules and the irregular [[past tense]] verbs are stored in the [[lexicon]].
  2 KB (249 words) - 18:44, 28 June 2014
• Precedence ordering
  ...ce ordering''' is a property of [[relational network|relational networks]] and of [[realizational formula|realizational formulae]] -- a property found in ...lationship, there is no temporal ordering as in the case of the [[AND node|AND]] relationship.
  2 KB (236 words) - 06:21, 8 October 2017
• Grammatical
  A grammatical (and acceptable) sentence of English: A grammatical (and unacceptable) sentence of English:
  976 bytes (139 words) - 17:43, 29 June 2014
• Major theories of tense
  * [[Huddleston and Pullum's (2002) analysis of tense|Huddleston and Pullum (2002)]] ...theories of Reichenbach (1947), Comrie (1985), Klein (1994) and Huddleston and Pullum (2002) are based on comparable primitives
  762 bytes (93 words) - 12:40, 13 July 2014
• Suprasegmental
  ...ech are [[pitch]] (intonation), [[stress]], [[loudness]], [[speech rate]], and [[voice quality]] (e.g. whisper, breathy voice etc.). [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  561 bytes (72 words) - 08:20, 16 August 2014
• Core
  ...e clause]]), the '''core''' is the part that consists of the [[predicate]] and its [[core argument|argument]]s. The core is opposed to the [[periphery]] o
  322 bytes (47 words) - 18:05, 20 September 2014
• Staffeiri speech
  ...n be brought into the esophagus. The air can be vibrated in the esophagus, and the speech thus produced is called '''Staffeiri speech'''.
  545 bytes (79 words) - 13:31, 9 June 2009
• Deontic modality
  ...tic modality''' is a kind of [[modality]] having to do with [[permission]] and [[obligation]]. ...isions of modality. Palmer (2001: 9-10) prefers to regard deontic modality and [[dynamic modality]] as the major subdivisions of [[event modality]], the b
  1 KB (147 words) - 15:44, 5 June 2009
• Mutual situation
  ...ic relation between A and B is the same as the semantic relation between B and A. The two participants standing in a mutual situation are called [[mutuant
  643 bytes (81 words) - 23:13, 7 August 2009
• Indo-European
  ...ean colonialism. Originally, this language family was spoken from Northern and Western Europe to Northern India. ...an languages, especially [[Sanskrit]], the ancient holy language of India, and the work of the Sanskrit Grammarians. The study of Indo-European languages
  773 bytes (105 words) - 20:02, 4 July 2014
• Linguistic activity
  ...hould also add the processes of learning how to engage in these activities and expanding our capabilities, for example by the learning of new lexemes.
  803 bytes (111 words) - 06:07, 8 October 2017
• Rekonstruktion
  *Fox, Anthony. 1995. ''Linguistic Reconstruction: An Introduction to Theory and Method''. Oxford University Press. *Hoenigswald, Henry M.. 1960. ''Language Change and Linguistic Reconstruction''. University of Chicago Press.
  528 bytes (54 words) - 20:04, 25 July 2014
• Article
  ...(new or given status. Sometimes these notions of specificity, definiteness and information status are summed up in the term "identifiability". Articles ca ...rkers often stem from very different sources (numerals and demonstratives) and need not be similar in formal expression or position.
  2 KB (263 words) - 17:03, 20 September 2014
• Amplitude
  ...e movement of the particle, the greater the amplitude of its displacement, and the louder the resulting sound. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  457 bytes (69 words) - 16:31, 15 June 2014
• Redundancy
  ...ects, a given segments contains information about the surrounding segments and may provide a clue to perception of a segment th at is not heard directly. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  523 bytes (72 words) - 08:35, 28 September 2014
• Von Kempelen talking machine
  ...unvoiced [[consonant]]s could be generated. Bellows were used to expel air and this air was passed through a vibrating reed. Unvoiced sounds were produced with the reed off, and by a turbulent flow through a suitable passage. Von Kempelen claimed that,
  944 bytes (140 words) - 18:25, 4 September 2014
• Subject
  ...for an unique entity in philosophy. This entity owns unique consciousness and unique experiences. ...out whom the sentence is made. The subject agrees with the verb in numerus and genus (only with a finite active verb; in passive constructions the subject
  963 bytes (153 words) - 13:10, 13 May 2016
• Root compound
  ...ent of the embedded verb ''drive''. The distinction between root compounds and synthetic compounds has played a major role in theoretical discussions sinc * Lieber, R. 1983. ''Argument Linking and Compounds in English,'' Linguistic Inquiry 14:2, pp.251-285, MIT Press, Cam
  2 KB (232 words) - 19:05, 28 September 2014
• Clicks
  ...ract at two positions, enlarging the air space between the two blocks, and then reopening the tract.
  442 bytes (59 words) - 18:37, 22 June 2014
• Categorical perception
  the difference between the phonemes /d/ and /t/ in 'bead' and 'beat' ...listeners learns to be sensitive to differences between phoneme categories and, at the same time, to be less sensitive to differences within a [[phoneme]]
  1 KB (170 words) - 00:18, 25 July 2010
• Sydney M. Lamb
  '''Sydney M. Lamb''' is the Arnold Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and Cognitive Science at Rice University. *Website: [http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~lngbrain/ LangBrain: Language and Brain: Neurocognitive Linguistics]
  1 KB (136 words) - 05:32, 8 March 2018
• Undergoer (in RRG)
  ...oer''' is one of the two [[semantic macrorole]]s ([[actor (in RRG)|actor]] and undergoer). Normally, the undergoer is the most patient-like argument, whil
  410 bytes (57 words) - 19:08, 2 August 2014
• Strength
  ...ntains the denotation of the CN (common noun). An NP is negative strong if and only if its denotation never contains the denotation of the CN. An NP which ...ere are at least two dogs in the domain E). The distinction between strong and weak determiners can be used to account for the contrast in (ii)-(iv) (due
  2 KB (281 words) - 13:39, 9 June 2009
• Relative clause
  ...rase plays a [[semantic role]]. It is introduced by a [[relative pronoun]] and which modifies its [[NP]] [[antecedent]]. ...ari'' is the antecedent of the relative clause ''which I can't afford e'', and ''which'' is the relative pronoun. The relative clause always contains a ga
  1 KB (193 words) - 16:40, 28 September 2014
• Speech rate
  ...'Articulation Rate and Its Variability in Spontaneous Speech: A Reanalysis and Some Implications,'' Phonetica 41, 215-225
  843 bytes (124 words) - 11:43, 9 June 2009
• Strident
  ...urfaces, producing high-intensity [[fricative]] [[noise]]. Only fricatives and [[affricate]]s are [+strident]. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  576 bytes (74 words) - 08:52, 10 August 2014
• There-insertion
  ...now usually analyzed with the expletive base-generated in subject position and the logical subject adjoined or attached to VP. See [[CHAIN]], [[Definitene * Chomsky, N. 1986a. ''Knowledge of language: its nature, origin and use,'' Praeger, New York.
  1 KB (184 words) - 09:17, 17 August 2014
• Reverberation
  ...use of the [[interference]] patterns, sounds will be louder in some places and softer in others.
  531 bytes (76 words) - 16:52, 28 September 2014
• Reference
  ...me in both cases. Reference and sense are often equated with [[extension]] and [[intension]]. :::"We will say that the relationship which which holds between words and things..." (Lyons 1968:404)
  1 KB (199 words) - 08:36, 28 September 2014
• Split-Morphology Hypothesis
  ...thesis has been endorsed by Anderson (1977,1982,1988) Scalise (1984,1988), and Perlmutter (1988). ...'The Split-morphology Hypothesis: evidence from Yiddish,'' in: Hammond, M. and M. Noonan (eds.) Theoretical Morphology: Approaches in Modern Linguistics,
  1 KB (155 words) - 13:27, 9 June 2009
• Eliyunint/test
  What's the difference with jargon and is it actually the same? ...lova, G. A., Zamaletdinova, G. R., & Zholshayeva, M. S. (2017). Linguistic and social features of slang. International Journal of Scientific Study, 5(6),
  452 bytes (67 words) - 13:49, 8 May 2024
• 2AFC discrimination
  ...''Two alternatives forced choice discrimination''. The possible stimuli S1 and S2 come from two categories. Both alternatives are presented on every trial [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  517 bytes (72 words) - 08:53, 14 June 2014
• Syllabic
  * Chomsky, N. and M. Halle 1968. ''The Sound Pattern of English,'' Harper and Row, New York.
  518 bytes (69 words) - 08:26, 16 August 2014
• Thyroid
  ...itioned anterior to the [[arytenoid]] cartilages, which its sides enclose, and superior to the [[cricoid]] cartilage. It forms an angle in the front that
  513 bytes (74 words) - 09:38, 17 August 2014
• Tone language
  In some languages (mainly found in South-East Asia and Africa), the [[tone]] carried by a [[word]] determines the meaning of that [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  548 bytes (75 words) - 18:51, 29 August 2014
• Cooperative Principle
  ...akers can be expected to observe in a [[discourse]], as part of a rational and purposeful exchange of information: ...our [[Gricean maxims|Maxims]] (of Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner) and used it to explain conversational implicatures.
  1 KB (188 words) - 03:35, 18 May 2009
• Vowel space
  ...fferent vowels are produced with respect to the position of the [[tongue]] and which are the maximal values or corners of the vowel space. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  591 bytes (89 words) - 10:44, 31 August 2014
• Speaker's reference
  ...of its [[meaning]]. Kripke (1977) argued that [[referential noun phrase]]s and [[attributive noun phrase]]s have the same semantic reference but possibly ...Speakers Reference and Semantic Reference,'' in:P.A. French, T.E. Uehling, and H.K. Wettstein (eds.), Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Langu
  846 bytes (117 words) - 07:44, 4 November 2014
• Anaphor
  ...tecedent: ''himself'' does not agree in person features with ''I'' in (b), and ''John'' is outside the [[binding domain]] in (c). *Fiengo, R. and R. May. 1994. ''Indices and identity.'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  1,006 bytes (149 words) - 18:35, 8 January 2011
• Comrie's (1985) theory of tense
  ==Absolute and relative tense== ...se]]s, the "reference point is established relative to the present moment, and a situation is located in time relative to that reference point" (Comrie 19
  2 KB (339 words) - 17:44, 21 October 2009
• Theta-position
  ...and ''the apples'' are in a theta-position being theta-marked as [[Agent]] and [[Theme]]. But the verb ''seems'' in (i) does not assign a theta-role to it The positions in (i) containing ''John'' and its [[trace]] t_iare both A-positions, but only the position of
  1 KB (192 words) - 09:32, 17 August 2014
• Mixed language
  ...on its exact definition, and in particular on the inclusion of [[pidgin]]s and [[creole]]s. ...[[creole]]s, whose lexicon typically derives mainly from a single language and whose grammar cannot be traced to any single language.
  3 KB (337 words) - 16:52, 4 February 2013
• Window model
  ...height) in case the segment is specified + or - for a particular feature, and broad in case the segment is specified neutrally. This means that + or - sp ...early on in the vowel. French, on the other hand, does have nasal vowels, and to avoid confusion, nasalisation should not be perceptible too early on in
  2 KB (246 words) - 15:28, 7 September 2014
• Relativization
  ...der identity (''the man''), insertion of a [[relative pronoun]] (''who''), and [[wh-movement|''wh''-movement]]. This analysis has been replaced by one in * Smits, R.J.C. 1989. ''The relative and cleft constructions of the Germanic and Romance languages,'' doct. diss. KUB, Tilburg, Dordrecht: Foris, 1988.
  867 bytes (118 words) - 16:40, 28 September 2014
• Topic chaining
  ...aining and dominance-chaining. In: Tobin, Yishai (ed.) ''The Prague School and its legacy.'' Amsterdam: Benjamins, 145-153.
  456 bytes (60 words) - 18:50, 2 August 2014
• Template morphology
  ...mp; Morgan (1980)), Arabic (McCarthy (1981)), Sierra Miwok (Smith (1985)), and Yawelmani (Archangeli (1984)).
  906 bytes (127 words) - 07:17, 17 August 2014
• Analysis-by-synthesis
  ...t. Apart from that, the resulting synthesised sounds provide new insights, and speech synthesis is therefore a method of speech analysis. [[Category:Phonetics and Phonology]]
  592 bytes (79 words) - 07:06, 17 August 2014
• Dissociative attitude
  ...'dissociative attitude''' applies to attitudes such as scepticism, mockery and rejection, i.e. attitudes in which speakers distance themselves from the co ...on some perceived discrepancy between the way it represents the world and and the way things actually are ..." (Wilson 2006: 1724)
  809 bytes (111 words) - 21:37, 28 September 2009
• Vocal folds
  ...air, producing [[voiced]] sounds. The number of times the vocal folds open and close per second is the [[frequency]] of vocal fold vibration (the [[fundam
  987 bytes (154 words) - 14:59, 10 June 2009
• Synthetic compound
  ...hose [[head]] is [[derivation|derived]] from a [[verb]] by [[affixation]], and where the non-head fulfills the function of [[argument]] or [[complement]] The English compounds ''truck driver, truck driving, fast acting'' and ''pan fried'' are synthetic compounds. Synthetic compounds have played a ma
  1 KB (202 words) - 08:43, 16 August 2014
• Deictic pronoun
  ...f ''you'' and ''me'' in ''you will get to know me better'' are the speaker and the addressee(s) of this utterance. Deictic pronouns are often opposed to [
  559 bytes (78 words) - 03:31, 18 May 2009
• S-bar deletion
  ...for the transparency exhibited in the case of [[Exceptional Case Marking]] and [[Subject Raising]]. See [[CP-reduction]]. * Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht.
  544 bytes (71 words) - 15:10, 5 October 2014
• Predicate
  ...called [[predicate terms]]. However, the distinction between 'predicates' and 'predicate terms' is often not made, especially in syntactic research. ...vely, inverted commas are often used to mark (semantic) predicates as such and to distinguish them from natural language , e.g. man'(Fred). When a predica
  2 KB (270 words) - 14:54, 14 June 2009
• Open syllable
  ...(or, alternatively, peak). The English words ''eye'' [aɪ], ''go'' [goʊ], and ''schwa'' [ʃwɑː] exemplify open syllables. [[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]
  857 bytes (131 words) - 17:07, 18 July 2014
• Plural side
  ...[[AND node]] has two or more lines connected to the top, the plural side, and one connected to the bottom, the singular side.
  588 bytes (95 words) - 06:23, 8 October 2017
• Saamic
  ...rn Europe and may be subdivided in [[Eastern Saamic]], [[Central Saamic]], and [[Southern Saamic]]. The last two groups are often unified as [[Western Saa
  479 bytes (66 words) - 14:22, 30 January 2013
• Theta Criterion
  ...ned over [[LF]] it says that each theta-position is in a unique [[chain]], and that each chain contains a unique theta-position. The theta-criterion accounts for the contrasts in (i) and (ii).
  2 KB (282 words) - 09:34, 17 August 2014
• VP-adjunction
  ...''?, it is assumed by Chomsky that the object first adjoins to VP and only then moves to spec of CP, resulting in (ii). ...s defined in terms of [[exclusion]], this step voids the barrierhood of VP and thus that of IP, which is inherited from VP. The possibility of adjunction
  2 KB (268 words) - 10:46, 31 August 2014
• Descriptive meaning
  ...spect of meaning which only concerns the relationship between a given sign and its [[denotation]]. It contrasts with [[non-descriptive meaning]], which co * Cruse, A. 2004. ''Meaning in Language. An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  565 bytes (70 words) - 13:34, 14 June 2009
• Wh-movement
  ...overt in English (see [[wh-in-situ]]) it appears to be covert in Chinese, and may be overt or covert in French. * Chomsky, N. 1977b. ''On Wh-movement,'' in: P.W. Culicover, T. Wasw and A. akmajian (eds.) Formal syntax, Academic Press, San Francisco, London.
  1 KB (201 words) - 18:33, 4 September 2014
• Predication
  ...relation is sometimes defined as a coindexing relation between a predicate and a [[c-command]]ing subject, not only in the case of an [[NP]]-[[VP]] relati
  826 bytes (128 words) - 14:56, 14 June 2009
• Rigid designator
  ...n in every possible world. Kripke accounts for the relation between a name and its bearer by a causal theory of reference: the first use of a name for an * Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. ''Logic, language, and meaning,'' Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  1 KB (179 words) - 18:50, 28 September 2014
• Temporal organisation
  ...mena with respect to temporal organisation are [[anticipatory shortening]] and [[final lengthening]].
  627 bytes (86 words) - 07:29, 17 August 2014
• Transfer (morphology)
  ...skeleton of the [[parafix]] is associated to the skeleton of the base, and then the relevant melodic information of the base is transferred to the parafix. * McCarthy, J. and A. Prince 1986. ''Prosodic Morphology,'' ms. Univ. of Massachusetts, Brande
  927 bytes (126 words) - 19:48, 29 August 2014
• Developmental plausibility
  ...orate the ability to develop and to acquire new capabilities of production and connectionist theory of Rummelhart and McClellan (1986).
  1 KB (217 words) - 19:03, 28 January 2018
• Noun (Latin nomen)
  ...n Latin and similar Indo-European languages) a class comprising both nouns and adjectives. ...his terminology is still current in Russian (''imja''), Hebrew (''toʔar'') and other European languages.
  820 bytes (108 words) - 16:49, 18 July 2014
• NP-movement
  ...urs in [[passive]] constructions and [[Raising to Subject]] constructions, and arguably in constructions with [[ergative verb]]s. The trace of NP-movement
  466 bytes (60 words) - 16:18, 18 July 2014
• Tactic pattern
  ...ratum]] has a syntax or '''tactic pattern''', which is also built of lines and nodes. The ''upward'' direction within the tactic pattern leads to differe ...]] that will relate NPs to the different functions they have, like subject and object.
  2 KB (395 words) - 06:10, 8 October 2017
• Maximal Onset Principle
  ...maximally assigned to the onsets of syllables in conformity with universal and language-specific conditions (see also [[sonority hierarchy]]). * Selkirk, E.O. 1981. ''English Compounding and the Theory of Word-structure,'' in: M. Moortgat, H. Van der Hulst &amp; T.
  944 bytes (130 words) - 14:42, 1 February 2010
• Structure-changing rule
  ...re-changing rule''' is a rule which changes already specified information, and renders the output form distinct from the input. * Archangeli, D. 1984. ''Underspecification in Yawelmani Phonology and Morphology,'' doct. diss, MIT.
  961 bytes (130 words) - 08:11, 16 August 2014
• Meaning
  ...]], etc.) has led to considerable overlap in the use of the relevant terms and, as a consequence, to a rather vague concept of what meaning is. ...words such as [[preposition|prepositions]] and [[connective|connectives]] and manifests itself in areas of grammar such as [[argument structure]], [[TAM]
  3 KB (375 words) - 13:18, 13 July 2014
• Visibility condition
  ...[[theta-marking]] (which in turn is required by the [[theta criterion]]), and thus subsumes the [[Case filter]]. See also [[Chain condition]]. * Chomsky, N. 1986a. ''Knowledge of language: its nature, origin and use,'' Praeger, New York.
  579 bytes (81 words) - 08:49, 31 August 2014
• Bibliographical works on quantitative linguistics
  The most recent and comprehensive '''Bibliography of Quantitative Linguistics''' ('''BQL''') ap ...msterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science : Library and information sources in linguistics ; 25)</li></ul>
  2 KB (255 words) - 18:44, 20 June 2014
• Universe of discourse
  ...s most certainly not true), or it may be a restricted set of human beings (and the sentence may very well be true). In (i)b the universe of discourse has * Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. ''Logic, language, and meaning,'' Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  819 bytes (130 words) - 16:51, 24 August 2014
• Truth table
  ...gic]]. See [[conjunction]], [[disjunction]], [[negation]], [[equivalence]] and [[implication]]. * Gamut, L.T.F. 1991. ''Logic, language, and meaning,'' Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  607 bytes (81 words) - 08:04, 30 August 2014
• Sentence topic vs. discourse topic
  ...made made between the '''sentence topic''', i.e. what a sentence is about, and a '''discourse topic''', i.e. what a discourse is about. ...He really didn't want to leave, but he couldn't afford the rent, you know. And it had such a nice garden in the back!''
  738 bytes (125 words) - 18:20, 28 June 2014
• Accent
  ...part from a pitch change, accent is also accompanied by increased duration and increased amplitude of the accented element. [[Sentence]] or [[utterance]]s [[Category: Phonetics and Phonology]]
  601 bytes (89 words) - 17:53, 12 June 2014
• Raising to object
  ...es &amp; Perlmutter suggest that 'Raising to object' is merely a metaphor, and that in fact, the embedded clause in (iii) contains a pro-drop ( [[pro]]) s ...on Economy of Derivations and Derivations,'' in:R. Freidin (ed) Principles and Parameters in Comparative Grammar, 417-454, The MITT Press: Cambridge, Mass
  2 KB (271 words) - 08:15, 28 September 2014
• Relativized head
  ...in the sense that one constituent of a complex word is marked as the head, and features marked on this constituent undergo [[Feature Percolation]]. The no ...n Conventions percolate up the feature [+F] from the righthand constituent and [+G] from the lefthand one.
  2 KB (289 words) - 18:08, 28 September 2014
• Closed syllable
  ...so contains a [[coda]]. The English words ''cat'' [kat], ''mice'' [maɪs], and ''tent'' [tent] exemplify closed syllables. [[Category:Phonetics and phonology]]
  607 bytes (88 words) - 18:39, 22 June 2014
• Homonymy
  '''Homonymy''' is the phenomenon that one form has two or more meanings and/or syntactic functions. The Dutch word ''bank'' is homonymous, since it can refer to (a) a couch, and (b) a bank. Equivalent to [[ambiguity]].
  547 bytes (79 words) - 22:28, 27 July 2010
• Vowel reduction
  * Kager, R. 1989. ''A Metrical Theory of Sress and Destressing in English and Dutch,'' PhD diss. Utrecht University.
  624 bytes (85 words) - 10:44, 31 August 2014
• X-bar schema
  ...tic categories N, V, A, P, as well as functional categories such as I(NFL) and C(OMP) essentially project the same structure: ...he [[head]] X, and Z" in (i)b is the [[specifier]] of X. X" is equal to XP and is called the maximal projection of X.
  824 bytes (132 words) - 18:47, 7 September 2014
• Semantic interpretation
  * Chierchia and McConnell-Ginet 1990. ''Meaning and grammar,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  637 bytes (84 words) - 18:20, 28 October 2014
• Trace theory
  ...via its trace. The concept of a trace is crucial to the theory of movement and to [[bounding theory]], because a trace can be treated as an [[empty catego * Chomsky, N. 1986a. ''Knowledge of language: its nature, origin and use,'' Praeger, New York.
  1 KB (205 words) - 19:46, 29 August 2014
• Frequency (Quantitative linguistics)
  ...ts among others, such as length, comlexity, polysemy, age, polytextuality, and homonymy. Laws and hypotheses concerning frequency are based on
  1,001 bytes (141 words) - 16:43, 29 June 2014
• Human information system
  ...an also be put out in any kind of motor activity such as walking, dancing, and so forth. All of these activities can be studied from an information proce ....google.com/books/about/Language_and_Reality.html?id=vrlPUxB2_JwC Language and Reality: Selected Writings of Sydney Lamb], Continuum, 2004.
  986 bytes (147 words) - 22:06, 17 December 2017
• Reanalysis (in diachrony)
  ...reanalysis has occurred. [[Grammaticalization]] always involves reanalysis and analysis, but not all cases of reanalysis or analysis result in grammatical
  586 bytes (76 words) - 16:01, 5 June 2009
• Quantificational noun phrase
  ...scope over ''a book'', and is decomposed into the 'quantifier' ''every x'' and its restriction ''x a girl''.
  820 bytes (135 words) - 18:31, 27 September 2014
• Participle
  ...of a [[verb]], generally with [[adjective|adjectival]] [[external syntax]] and verbal [[internal syntax]]. ...ing'' in (i), the [[participle of the perfect tense]] ''written'' in (ii), and the [[passive participle]] ''written'' in (iii):
  1 KB (164 words) - 19:02, 21 September 2014
• List of linguistics journals
  *[[Language Typology and Universals (STUF)]] *[[Natural Language and Linguistic Theory]]
  792 bytes (80 words) - 10:08, 29 June 2009
• Readjustment rule
  ...ucture. Second, they change structures such as [[sing] PAST] into ''sung'' and other type of quasi phonological operations to adjust the output of the syn * Chomsky, N. and M. Halle 1968. ''The Sound Pattern of English,'' Harper and Row, New York.
  939 bytes (130 words) - 08:26, 28 September 2014
• Ablative case
  ...nly one of many uses, and in fact other uses (such as the [[instrumental]] and [[manner]] uses) are more prominent in Latin. Still, when used in other lan ..., the [[elative]] 'out of' (= 'away from the inside'), the [[subelative]], and so on. These can be regarded as more specific subtypes of ''ablative''.
  1 KB (203 words) - 21:18, 17 October 2016
• Lexicalist Hypothesis
  ...cannot be used in derivational morphology (= Weak Lexicalist Hypothesis), and (b) a strong version which says that transformations can also not be used i * Chomsky, N. 1970. ''Remarks on Nominalization,'' in: Jacobs, R. and P. Rosenbaum (eds.) Readings in English Transformational Grammar, Blaisdell
  2 KB (209 words) - 16:12, 8 July 2009
• Biuniqueness
  ...ils that every [[morpheme]] has one phonological form and one [[meaning]], and every [[meaning]] (or grammatical category) corresponds to exactly one phon
  624 bytes (80 words) - 19:05, 20 June 2014
• Level Ordering Hypothesis
  ...', and -''ive'', then we apply the stress rules (''prodúctive''), and only then do we have the chance to add the Class II affix -''ness'', giving ''prodúc
  2 KB (220 words) - 16:12, 8 July 2009
• Allophone
  ...lementary allophones]] which are distributed throughout speech predictably and with regards to the phonetic environment. Allophones can also be [[free var ...006) did a study on [[Russian]] and [[Korean]] speakers' perception of [t] and [d].
  1 KB (224 words) - 15:12, 3 August 2014
• Specified subject condition
  ...subject ''John'' in (iii) blocks the binding relation between ''the men'' and ''each other''. In later work, the SSC is subsumed under the [[binding theo ...sky, N. 1982. ''Some concepts and consequences of the theory of government and binding,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  1 KB (196 words) - 07:59, 4 November 2014
• ToDI
  ...f intonation]]). Although similar in many respects, ToDI is less abstract, and easier to apply.
  1 KB (160 words) - 18:42, 29 August 2014
• Compact relational network notation
  ...ry)|lines]] and [[Node_(in_neurocognitive_linguistics)|nodes]] deployed up and down the various [[Stratum (in neurocognitive linguistics)|strata]] of the
  585 bytes (74 words) - 06:13, 8 October 2017
• Lexeme (i.e. set of word-forms)
  ...a major lexical category, having both form and meaning but being neither, and existing outside of any particular syntactic context"'' (Aronoff 1994:11) ...''habemus'' 'we have', ''habebam'' 'I had', ''habebunt'' 'they will have', and so on make up the lexeme ''HABERE''.
  1 KB (171 words) - 16:13, 7 April 2009
• Metatypy
  ...large scale following a model language in which the speakers are bilingual and which is the dominant language of the speakers. ...esponding relational adjective is ''metatypic'' (e.g. "metatypic change"), and the corresponding verb is ''metatypize'' (e.g. "a metatypized language", i.
  3 KB (356 words) - 16:05, 13 July 2014
• Formulaic language
  ...is sometimes used to refer to multi-word [[collocation]]s which are stored and retrieved holistically rather than being generated de novo with each use. ...guage include [[idiom]]s, [[set expression]]s, [[rhyme]]s, songs, prayers, and [[proverb]]s; they may also be taken to include recurrent turns of phrase w
  609 bytes (88 words) - 16:37, 29 June 2014
• Semantic macrorole
  ...roroles''' are the two generalized semantic roles [[actor (in RRG)|actor]] and [[undergoer (in RRG)|undergoer]]. ...'"The second type of semantic roles is generalized semantic roles, 'actor' and 'undergoer'. These are the two primary arguments of a transitive predicatio
  881 bytes (119 words) - 12:41, 26 July 2014
• Bottom-up
  The distinction between bottom-up and top-down sources of information is often used in models of auditory word re ...n-sensory information (such as knowledge of the word, context information, and lexical knowledge).
  572 bytes (75 words) - 17:15, 21 June 2014
• Southern Saamic
  ...] [[Saamic]]. Two languages are distinguished: [[Ume Saami]] in the north, and [[South Saami]] in the south. ..., leading to the effect that consonantal gradation is reduced in Ume Saami and totally absent from South Saami.
  1 KB (203 words) - 14:58, 27 July 2014
• Syncretism
  ...glish]] ''bet'' (in ''I bet you ten pounds'') is syncretic between Present and Past, as seen in comparison with I give/gave you ten pounds. ...and and third-person in the plural. This syncretism extends to the first- and third-singular forms in in past-tense.
  2 KB (278 words) - 16:42, 8 February 2021
• Predicate-argument structure
  ...or adjectives), where the information about the [[theta-grid]] is decoded, and as such is part of the syntactic structure of verbs. In (i) ''break'' is specified as having an [[external argument]] ( [[Agent]]) and an [[internal argument]] ( [[Theme]]).
  1,021 bytes (136 words) - 19:03, 27 September 2014
• Thematic theory
  ...ural language sentences, which also encompasses quantificational, temporal and modal aspects. ...ch &amp; R.T. Harms (eds.) Universals In Linguistic Theory, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
  2 KB (263 words) - 09:12, 17 August 2014
• Lexical category
  ..., [[adverb]]s, etc., whereas lexical categories only comprise nouns, verbs and adjectives. Thus, ''lexical category'' is often contrasted with [[functiona Baker, Mark. 2003. ''Lexical categories: nouns, verbs and adjectives.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  1 KB (136 words) - 18:18, 12 July 2014
• Rich agreement
  ...d to [[license]] the [[empty]] pronominal category [[pro]] (Taraldsen 1978 and much subsequent work). ...nglish translations show, English has a only two different forms (''sing'' and ''sings''), so that the English paradigm does not exemplify rich agreement.
  1 KB (191 words) - 11:50, 11 March 2010
• Definite description
  ...is a definite description that can only be properly used if France has one and only one king: (ii) a There is at least one king of France, and
  2 KB (246 words) - 03:29, 18 May 2009
• Extrametricality
  ...re always peripheral (found at one edge of the domain under consideration) and they lose their marking if they are not at the edge of the stress domain in ...noun ''párent'' is lost in the derived word by the Peripherality Condition and the stress rules reapply. Schematized in the grid:
  2 KB (266 words) - 18:55, 22 June 2019
• Portal:List of portals
  ...ther describe the subject. Portals also help editors find related projects and things they can do to help improve Glottopedia in that area. ...o take responsibility for a particular thematic area, just create a portal and write your name on the corresponding discussion page. At the moment, there
  2 KB (230 words) - 07:53, 23 September 2011
• Tree of numbers
  ...h of which is represented by an ordered pair x,y where x = |A intersect B| and y = |A - B|. ...f determiners (like [[upward monotonicity]] and [[downward monotonicity]]) and relations between determiners (like negation) can be clarified in the tree
  2 KB (238 words) - 07:35, 30 August 2014
• Descriptive adequacy
  ...od' natural language data, and hence to the concepts of [[grammaticality]] and [[well-formedness]].
  516 bytes (70 words) - 18:06, 28 June 2014
• Perfective
  ...entirety and as complete, regardless of its internal structure. Huddleston and Pullum (2002), basically adopting the model of Klein (1994), define '''perf ...'. The situational focus (SF) is on a situation between 4 p.m. and 5 p.m., and the past tense indicates that within that period of time (TR) the situation
  2 KB (380 words) - 14:34, 10 February 2010
• Code-mixing
  ...reatment of code-switching and code-mixing as synonymous, however, Sridhar and Sridhar differentiate the two, arguing that code-switching has [[Pragmatics ...In P. Auer (ed.) ''Code-switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction, and Identity'', 29-48. London: Routledge.
  2 KB (221 words) - 00:44, 16 September 2010
• Latin
  ...c languages]] phylum of the [[Indoeuropean languages|Indoeuropean family]] and derives in a bunch of languages sprode around Europe, these are called [[Ro Across the time, Latin language evolves and undergo different phases:
  2 KB (268 words) - 13:15, 9 August 2014
• Third construction
  '''Third Construction''' is a construction typical of [[Dutch]] and [[German]] in which part of an [[infinitival complement]] appears to be [[e ...g feature is the impossibility of [[IPP]] in case of a third construction, and the fact that IPP is obligatory in case of verb raising (cf. (iii).
  2 KB (289 words) - 09:36, 17 August 2014
• Deponency
  ...d) deponency''' has recently been used for a mismatch between the expected and actual function of a morphological form or paradigm. ...reement and vice versa. In Serbo-Croatian, the plural of the word ‘child’ (and some other words designating the young of animals) has the form of a singul
  954 bytes (147 words) - 17:49, 27 June 2014
• Articulation
  ...fold]]s, the position of the [[velum]] and the position of the [[tongue]] and [[lips]]. Any part of the vocal apparatus involved in speech production is
  666 bytes (89 words) - 09:52, 23 May 2014
• Dimension
  ...operty and are '''mutually exclusive'''. For instance, the English present and past tenses [...] are categories of the dimension 'tense'."'' (Haspelmath 2
  666 bytes (86 words) - 18:17, 28 June 2014
• Right upward monotonicity
  ...t [[upward monotonicity|upward monotone]] if and only if for all subsets X and Y of the domain of entities E condition (i) holds. (i) if X in Q and X subset Y, then Y in Q
  1 KB (188 words) - 18:28, 28 September 2014
• Absolute tense
  ...f utterance. Past tenses locate situations prior to the time of utterance, and future tenses indicate that a situations will take place after the time of ...way split, e.g. distinguishing between past and non-past or between future and non-future.
  1 KB (183 words) - 09:05, 14 June 2014
• Pronominal
  ...]] of Chomsky (1981), pronominals are marked as [+pronominal, -anaphoric], and are subject to Binding [[condition B]]. ...ory, condition B states that pronominals may either be [[free]] (as in (i) and (ii)b), or [[bound]] (as in (ii)a), but they may not be bound within a spec
  2 KB (328 words) - 19:11, 27 September 2014
• Vowel
  In [[phonetics]] and [[phonology]], a '''vowel''' is a [[speech sound]] in whose articulation th ...constriction are called [[consonant]]s; sounds intermediate between vowels and consonants are called [[semi-vowel]]s (not "semi-consonants").
  935 bytes (120 words) - 09:55, 31 August 2014

View (previous 250 | next 250) (20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500)